/* Independent styling for the research pages; system fonts avoid external requests. */
:root{--bg:#fff;--ink:#252a31;--muted:#59616b;--accent:#2871a8;--line:#e4e7eb;--wash:#f7f8fa;--white:#fff;--radius:4px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}
body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;text-underline-offset:4px}
a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px;border-radius:3px}
img,video{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}
h1,h2,h3,p,figure{margin:0}
h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.2;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.035em}
h1{font-size:clamp(2.3rem,5vw,3.7rem)}
h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.2rem)}
h3{font-size:1.18rem;letter-spacing:-.02em}
p+p{margin-top:1rem}
.shell{width:min(1080px,calc(100% - 64px));margin-inline:auto}
.skip-link{position:absolute;top:-100px;left:16px;background:var(--white);padding:10px 18px;z-index:10}
.skip-link:focus{top:12px}
.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--bg)}
.header-inner{min-height:92px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px}
.wordmark{font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--ink);white-space:nowrap}
.wordmark span{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;margin-left:12px;letter-spacing:.04em}
nav{display:flex;gap:28px;flex-wrap:wrap}
nav a{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;padding:8px 0}
nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--ink);box-shadow:0 2px var(--accent)}
.eyebrow{color:var(--accent);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px}
.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:20px;background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:11px 20px;border-radius:5px;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:550;text-decoration:none}
.button:hover{background:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}
.button-secondary{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}
.button-secondary:hover{color:white}
.home-section{padding-top:56px}
.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-bottom:26px}
.section-heading>a{font-size:.87rem;white-space:nowrap}
.news-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.news-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:74px 1fr;gap:24px;padding:13px 0;font-size:.92rem}
.news-list time{color:var(--muted);font-size:.82rem;padding-top:3px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.feature-project{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--white)}
.feature-project figure{background:var(--wash);height:100%;min-height:300px}
.feature-project figure img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.feature-copy{padding:34px;align-self:center}
.feature-copy .eyebrow{margin-bottom:14px}
.feature-copy h3{font-size:1.8rem;margin-bottom:16px}
.feature-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){color:var(--muted);font-size:.94rem;margin-bottom:20px}
.tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 18px;color:var(--muted);font-size:.76rem;margin-bottom:22px}
.text-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:10px}
.home-main{padding-bottom:70px}
.content-main{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:80px;min-height:65vh}
.page-heading{margin-bottom:42px;max-width:790px}
.lead{font-size:1.07rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:20px;max-width:740px}
.placeholder-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px;margin-top:24px}
.placeholder{padding:28px 30px;border:1px dashed #b7c9c4;border-radius:var(--radius)}
.placeholder .eyebrow{margin-bottom:28px;color:var(--muted)}
.placeholder h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:10px}
.placeholder p:last-child{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}
.paper-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:64px 1fr;gap:20px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.paper-row:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.paper-year{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);padding-top:3px}
.paper-row h3{font-size:1.03rem;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.45;margin-bottom:9px}
.paper-row h3 a{color:var(--ink)}
.paper-authors{font-size:.83rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:0}
.paper-venue{font-size:.83rem;font-weight:550;margin-top:4px}
.paper-venue span{color:var(--muted);font-weight:400}
.publication-group{margin-top:40px}
.publication-group>h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:20px}
.scholar-note{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;padding:22px 26px;background:var(--wash);border-radius:8px;font-size:.9rem}
.scholar-note p{max-width:610px;color:var(--muted)}
.prose{max-width:820px}
.prose h2{margin-top:36px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:1.5rem}
.prose h3{margin-top:22px;margin-bottom:10px}
.prose p{color:var(--muted)}
.prose ul{padding-left:22px;color:var(--muted)}
.prose li+li{margin-top:8px}
.prose strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.back-link{display:inline-block;font-size:.85rem;margin-bottom:30px}
.project-intro{max-width:850px;margin-bottom:34px}
.project-intro h1{max-width:790px}
.project-meta{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:22px}
.project-cover{border-radius:var(--radius);width:100%;max-height:580px;object-fit:cover}
figcaption{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}
.project-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px 1fr;gap:50px;margin-top:50px}
.project-index{display:block;font-size:.82rem;position:sticky;top:24px;align-self:start}
.project-index a{display:block;margin-bottom:12px;color:var(--muted)}
.project-body .prose{max-width:none}
.project-body .prose h2:first-child{margin-top:0}
.project-body section+section{margin-top:38px}
.project-body figure{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:30px}
.project-body figure img{width:100%;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px}
.project-body video{width:100%;border-radius:8px;background:#182c33;max-height:450px}
.metric-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px;margin:22px 0 18px}
.metric{padding:24px;background:var(--wash);border-radius:8px}
.metric strong{display:block;font-size:1.8rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:8px}
.metric span{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5;display:block}
.source-note{font-size:.8rem;border-left:2px solid var(--line);padding-left:15px}
.paper-detail h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem);margin-bottom:22px}
.paper-detail .eyebrow{color:var(--accent)}
.paper-actions{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:26px 0 36px}
.citation{font-size:.9rem;padding:20px;background:var(--wash);border-radius:8px}
.cv-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr;gap:64px}
.cv-grid h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:22px}
.cv-section+.cv-section{margin-top:36px}
.education-item{padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.education-item h3{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4}
.education-item p{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}
.cv-section ul{padding-left:18px;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}
.cv-section li+li{margin-top:10px}
.cv-download{margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:40px}
.cv-papers{margin-top:45px}
.muted{color:var(--muted);font-size:.85rem}
.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.footer-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:30px 0;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted)}
.footer-inner p span{margin-left:18px}
.footer-inner div{display:flex;gap:22px}
@media(max-width:800px){.shell{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.hero{gap:30px;grid-template-columns:1fr 190px;padding-top:50px}.portrait{width:190px;height:236px}.hero-tagline{font-size:1.2rem}.hero h1 span{font-size:1.1rem}.feature-copy{padding:26px}.feature-copy h3{font-size:1.5rem}.project-body{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.project-index{display:none}.cv-grid{gap:32px}.footer-inner p span{display:block;margin-left:0}}
@media(max-width:600px){.header-inner{min-height:100px;gap:10px;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;padding:14px 0}.wordmark{font-size:1.18rem}nav{gap:24px}nav a{font-size:.8rem;padding:3px 0}.hero{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;align-items:flex-start;padding:32px 0;gap:24px}.hero-portrait{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px}.portrait{width:94px;height:112px;border-radius:8px}.portrait-caption{margin-top:0;font-size:.76rem}.hero h1{font-size:3.3rem}.hero h1 span{margin-left:12px}.hero-tagline{font-size:1.18rem}.hero-bio{font-size:.95rem}.hero-links{gap:14px 22px}.research-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.home-section{padding-top:36px}.section-heading h2{font-size:1.55rem}.section-heading{gap:12px}.section-heading>a{font-size:.76rem}.news-list li{grid-template-columns:50px 1fr;gap:15px}.feature-project{grid-template-columns:1fr}.feature-project figure{min-height:0;height:240px}.feature-copy{padding:26px}.placeholder-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.content-main{padding-top:36px;padding-bottom:48px}.scholar-note{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;padding:20px;gap:14px}.paper-row{grid-template-columns:42px 1fr;gap:10px}.paper-row h3{font-size:.95rem}.paper-authors{font-size:.78rem}.project-cover{height:280px}.metric-row{gap:14px}.metric{padding:18px}.metric strong{font-size:1.4rem}.cv-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}.footer-inner{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:16px}.page-heading{margin-bottom:30px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
@media print{.site-header,.site-footer,.skip-link,.project-index,.cv-download{display:none}body{background:white;font-size:11pt}.shell{width:100%}.content-main{padding:0}.paper-row,.education-item{break-inside:avoid}a{color:inherit}.cv-grid{grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr}}

/* Sidebar layout and a concise engineering portfolio for recruiters. */
.shell{width:min(1180px,calc(100% - 64px))}
.header-inner{min-height:74px}
.site-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:236px minmax(0,1fr);gap:54px;align-items:start;padding-top:42px;padding-bottom:60px}
.home-main,.content-main{min-width:0;padding:0;min-height:65vh}
.profile-sidebar{position:sticky;top:24px;align-self:start;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.6}
.profile-photo-link{display:block;width:160px;margin-bottom:20px}
.profile-photo{width:160px;height:160px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 20%;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:4px;background:white}
.profile-name{font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:8px}
.profile-name span{font-size:.9rem;font-weight:400;margin-left:7px;letter-spacing:0}
.profile-role{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65}
.profile-affiliation{margin-top:20px;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}
.profile-location{margin-top:8px;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}
.profile-links{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:20px 0 0;display:grid;gap:9px}
.profile-links a{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;color:var(--ink);font-size:.83rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.profile-links a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.profile-icon{flex:0 0 20px;text-align:center;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:650;color:var(--muted)}
.page-heading h1,.project-intro h1{font-size:2.1rem;letter-spacing:-.035em}
.page-heading{margin-bottom:30px}
.job-intro h1{font-size:2rem;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-bottom:22px}
.job-intro p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8;color:#434952}
.job-intro strong{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}
.job-intro .career-interests{font-size:.9rem;margin-top:20px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.home-section{padding-top:34px}
.section-heading{margin-bottom:18px}
.section-heading h2{font-size:1.5rem;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.skills-list{margin:0}
.skills-list>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:155px 1fr;gap:20px;padding:13px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.skills-list dt{font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600}
.skills-list dd{margin:0;font-size:.89rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65}
.feature-project{grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:26px;border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:0;background:transparent;padding:22px 0;overflow:visible}
.feature-project figure{background:white;min-height:0;height:auto;align-self:center}
.feature-project figure a{display:block}
.feature-project figure img{height:auto;width:100%;max-height:480px;object-fit:contain}
.feature-copy{padding:0}
.feature-copy .eyebrow{font-size:.67rem;letter-spacing:.1em;margin-bottom:14px}
.feature-copy h3{font-size:1.35rem;margin-bottom:16px}
.feature-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:.89rem;margin-bottom:16px}
.feature-copy>a{font-size:.87rem}
.tags{gap:8px 14px;margin-bottom:16px}
.project-cover.graphical-cover{max-height:none;height:auto;width:100%;object-fit:contain;border-radius:0;border:1px solid var(--line)}
.project-body{display:block;margin-top:32px}
.project-index{position:static;display:flex;gap:12px 22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:28px;padding-bottom:14px}
.project-index a{margin:0;padding:0;font-size:.78rem}
.cv-grid{grid-template-columns:1.3fr 1fr;gap:34px}
.paper-detail h1{font-size:2rem}
@media(max-width:1000px){.site-columns{grid-template-columns:210px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px}.profile-photo-link,.profile-photo{width:145px}.profile-photo{height:145px}.feature-project{grid-template-columns:1fr}.feature-project figure img{max-height:520px}.feature-copy{padding:8px 0 4px}.skills-list>div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px}.cv-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.scholar-note{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px}.footer-inner p span{display:block;margin-left:0}}
@media(max-width:740px){.shell{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.header-inner{min-height:88px;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:8px;padding:12px 0}.site-columns{display:block;padding-top:26px;padding-bottom:42px}.profile-sidebar{position:static;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:24px;margin-bottom:30px}.profile-identity{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px}.profile-photo-link{width:90px;flex:0 0 90px;margin:0}.profile-photo{width:90px;height:90px}.profile-name{font-size:1.2rem}.profile-role{font-size:.8rem}.profile-affiliation{margin-top:14px}.profile-affiliation br{display:none}.profile-location{margin-top:4px}.profile-links{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px 18px;margin-top:16px}.profile-links li:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}.profile-links a{font-size:.78rem}.job-intro h1,.page-heading h1,.project-intro h1{font-size:1.8rem}.job-intro p{font-size:.94rem}.job-intro .career-interests{font-size:.85rem}.home-section{padding-top:28px}.section-heading h2{font-size:1.35rem}.feature-project figure{height:auto}.feature-project figure img{max-height:none;height:auto}.placeholder-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.project-index{display:none}.paper-detail h1{font-size:1.7rem}.footer-inner{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:14px}}
@media print{.profile-sidebar{display:none}.site-columns{display:block;padding:0}.feature-project{break-inside:avoid}.profile-links{display:none}}